Heuristics and Bias Free Essays

Before meeting with the individuals at Volvo, I addressed my manager in regards to this task and my decision. His underlying response was one of judgment heuristic and accessibility heuristic. He felt emphatically with his feelings about a Volvo because of the experience his brother by marriage had with one and went In to incredible length on why. We will compose a custom article test on Heuristics and Bias or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Judgment heuristic was appeared here for my chief made his evaluation and judgment of likelihood more straightforward and accessibility heuristic was appeared here for he likewise utilized what his brother by marriage experienced which Is the procedure of discernment and memory in the creative mind. This data was accessible and new in his brain the second Volvo was referenced. He didn't utilize data from buyer reports, yet Instead utilized accessibility heuristic to allude to his sibling parents in law case and put together his judgment with respect to that. Occasions that are effectively accessible inside ones brain are almost certain judged and to happen as indicated by this heuristic. The inclinations, which are caused inside accessibility heuristic, are the predisposition because of the simple retirement of the occasions where the administrator had the option to recover Just one body of evidence against the negative of the Volvo. Likewise, notice the inclination because of viability of the quest for the review procedure. Numerous occasions are difficult to review and some are significant, for example, missteps and mistakes, there is an inclination in the pursuit set itself. Another predisposition was sensibility, which assumed a job in the assessment of likelihood, in actuality, circumstances (Starker, 2007). A model I would state to him to help in Influencing his choice to a positive about Evolved is share a story with him in regards to my ongoing awful involvement with a four star eatery called Blue Fish, when I ate awful shrimp. This doesn't mean this café Is awful, It Just meaner I had one awful experience, I will either attempt steak or attempt the shrimp again for their administration, beverages and tidbit were incredible. This doesn't mean I will go to my loved ones and state that this café Is terrible don't eat there, for In all sincerely It Is not an awful eatery and incidentally I had one awful shrimp that brought about an irritated stomach. I would end this model with an issue of â€Å"who has this not occurred to t any eatery where one NAS and awful t some time? The sort tot heuristic that will be utilized here to impact my boss will be alteration and tying down. While changing ones convictions considering new data there should be strong proof against it. Lacking change due to securing can prompt slip-ups. I accept the examination I have done is strong data to supplications and impact my manager to help alter his perspective with respect to Vole’s (Plops, Chip. 13, 1993). At the point when I meet with my administrator by and by, I will impact his choice about Vole’s with these realities and insights, for example, with more extra room, overhauled because of input from past years, premium little car new security highlights with more torque, a vulnerable side data framework as included just as another programmed danger cautioning extra discretionary fun contraptions, for example, SIRIUS Satellite Radio and superior sound framework (new stands its ground against other game vehicles, cars’, 2007), for most purchasers, the standard suspension arrangement gives a lot of rushes while giving additionally padding over potholes when driving along, while yes it might not have the esteem or physicality of its German enemies, this Volvo costs less, has style with a top notch feel, with updates included the cost may go up, yet for an organization vehicle one ought to be sensible, the base motor will be totally satisfactory ND essential bundle, this Vol vo has marginally preferable efficiency over the 2. 41 (Edmunds, 2007), Keeping as a main priority while all vehicles have their eccentricities and hiccup one ought to by and by test-drive a vehicle before framing a sentiment on what the individual thinks. With all the upsides and downsides, numerous individuals will frame their own choices at long last. The not many that I have explored have said that the Volvo S’40 is refined, tasteful, extraordinary and runs Just fine. Indeed, even without a somewhat progressively ground-breaking motor, it is as a very remarkable â€Å"real† Volvo as any vehicle is a â€Å"real† vehicle. By using the heuristic procedure f tying down and modification, I feel that I can show my manager that what befell his brother by marriage has happened to numerous with any vehicle. I would have him consider on that for a piece, while simultaneously giving him what others need to state about the Volvo. I would illuminate him regarding the exploration I did through nectars. Com, Edmunds. Com, and Flavors. Com. By illuminating him regarding this, I am utilizing numerous stay focuses to help settle on a ultimate conclusion that the Volvo is the best approach. At the point when one makes or Judges a person or thing dependent on distinctiveness or late occasions, they utilize accessibility heuristic. To assist one with altering their perspective or perspective we need to grapple the manner in which change is utilized and when a choice should be made it is made by acclimations to this stay or beginning stage. The utilization of tying down and alteration may work much of the time, for example, this, however now and again won't generally gauge enough to different components (Plops, Chip. 13, 1993). References AAU Online. (De. ). (ca. 2006). Unit 3: Heuristics and Bias [multimedia presentation]. Hoffman Estates, IL: AAU Online. Step by step instructions to refer to Heuristics and Bias, Papers

Criminal Law Foundations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal Law Foundations - Research Paper Example At last, the sixth Amendments to the United States Constitution gives an established defend by allowing the residents to realize the proof introduced against them and to go up against their informers (Family Rights, 2013). This astoundingly incorporates the considerable purpose of causing quick and open preliminary to be directed by fair-minded juries. The blamed should then have the option to know the nature and reason for the allegation. Straightforwardness is supported as the observers and the blamed must face one another. In such manner, it is essential to make an obligatory procedure to take observers that would remain on individual’s favor. Besides, to ensure surprising resistance, an individual ought to need to procure Assistance of Counsel. In this paper, the advocate attempts to assess the protected shields gave by the above Amendments to the US Constitution as they apply to both grown-up and adolescent court procedures. Concerning this, the conversation of the effect that these shields have on the day-today activity of grown-up and adolescent courts is incorporated. Established protections and grown-up and adolescent courts A warrant is a type of formal and lawful solicitation that is legitimately official for it looks for not to damage the individual’s directly for sensible inquiry and seizure. ... tect their life and properties, the fourth Amendments to the US Constitution is a method of fortifying an individual’s protected option to feel the wellbeing that everybody should unreservedly appreciate inside the state. Concering this, grown-up and adolescent courts are obliged to perform or watch this lawful procedure so as to ensure real liberation of the necessary protected shields to guarantee real execution of reliable essential sacred rights from all ages, especially in hearing grown-up and adolescent cases. For example, so as not to scare a kid or a minor, who happens to have fundamental rights secured by the Constitution, the privilege legitimate procedure is important thus utilizing warrant to start sensible inquiry and seizure would basically bode well for this issue. The fifth Amendments to the US Constitution just reinforces the citizenship of the people and the benefits offered by the express that are set open to be equivalent for all. Under the criminal equity framework, this basically is a call not to damage the human rights particularly by convincing a man or a youngster to tell something that may remain against one’s will or government assistance, without generous bit of truth and suitable legitimate procedure. Consequently, a wrongdoing specialist has no privilege to start physical agony or mischief to the accussed just to ensure that the speculate will advise something that will at long last remain to observer against himself. Utilizing the equivalent to minor could be considered as kid misuse if the law pertinent to it would be put open for translation. Then again, the fifth Amendments to the US Constitution likewise give an approach to permit everybody to encounter commonly the freedom to utilize open property. Segregations are completely debilitated. Subsequently, permitting individuals, all things considered

Ego Depletion An Influential Theory in Psychology

Ego Depletion An Influential Theory in Psychology We all have faced moments when we didn’t know what we truly wanted, and even when we ended up choosing a direction or making a decision, we couldn’t really justify it. It seems like we are not fully aware of why we do the things we do and that can be terrifying.Of course, the complexity of the human nature as described above has not gone unnoticed.Psychologists and social scientists are constantly trying to create models of human behavior and analyze the human psyche.One particular issue that has been the focus of many psychology studies is the impacts on people that have the increasingly demanding rhythms of life, but also the ever-increasing work-related and personal obligations.One can say that the modern society is actually a “high-speed” society and that makes it far more complicated than what it used to be in the past. Modern day-to-day routine, work, commuting, interpersonal relationships or even institutions tend to lack the simplicity and sense of stability of the pa st.Instead, what we are faced with is the anxious lifestyle of the big cities, the rapid evolution of science and technology, the mechanization of the work environment, the information overload or infobesity that turns the man into a “racehorse” that is constantly on the run to meet his or her obligations â€" whether they are real or fictitious.One theory that analyzes exactly these phenomena is the Ego Depletion Theory.The term was first introduced by the American social psychologist Roy Baumeister and his fellow researchers in their article Ego Depletion: Is the Active Self a Limited Resource? which was published in 1998.In short, this early work was focused on the mental strength that people show when faced with difficult situations, and whether those situations have ultimately an effect on their decision-making. The result of this analysis was the Ego Depletion Theory, which influences the scientific thought until today.Let’s see, what this theory is really about, how it a ffects our decisions and lives and of course, why it so influential among the psychology community.THE EGO DEPLETION THEORYThe initial influence: FreudTo understand how the idea of this theory came to Baumeister and his fellow researchers, we need to go a little back in time and examine something a little more complex: the theories of Sigmund Freud.As you all may know, Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern psychology and influenced global intelligence more than anyone else.While this may be an exaggeration, the truth is that whether you are a professional, a student, or someone not related with psychology at all, you have heard a thing or two about his work.Truth is that those who are not so intensely involved in the field of psychoanalysis know him mainly for the “Oedipus Complex”, but in fact Freud has consolidated also other scientific views, which are still being studied and are still trying to be proven experimentally as much anything that has to do with the human ps yche.However, it is interesting to look at Freuds views, for it is very likely that the theory later documented by Baumeister and others was scientifically influenced by Freud’s work.Freud, beyond the familiar Oedipus complex, has also established the theory about the three aspects of the human psyche (or mind).What does this mean?For Freud, our psyche or our personality consists of three distinct but interacting with each other parts.The first part is the “Id” (or “It”). This is the part of the psyche in which all the primitive instincts of a person are found, such as erotic attraction, hunger, and thirst, and it constitutes a collective name for the biological needs and instincts of the individual. Its main driving force is the principle of achieving the highest possible pleasure and avoiding any negative feelings.The second part is the “Ego” (or “I”). Ego is governed by the principle of reality, and its purpose is to satisfy the desires of Id, taking into accoun t the limitations of reality. The Ego is the organized part of our personality and is responsible for basic functions such as the assessment of various situations, the control of reality, judgment, compromise, finding solutions to various problems, etc. The Ego distinguishes what is real, and thus helping us sort our thoughts and understand them.The third part is the “Super-Ego” (or “Over-I”). The Super-Ego aims at perfection and, while it constitutes an organized part of the personality, it is mostly unconscious. Super-Ego can be visualized as the conscience that punishes people with feelings of guilt, every time they act in socially unacceptable ways. Superego is the opposite of “Id” because it wants to make the individual act in a socially acceptable way while “Id” only wants to satisfy its instincts. So, as we have said, it acts as a consciousness-guard that keeps us away from anti-social behaviors and from various taboos.If you want to learn more about this conc ept, check out this short explanatory video by actualized.org called “Id, Ego, Superego Understanding An Old School Psychology Concept”. But what does this all have to do with Baumeister?Self-RegulationBaumeister, based on Freud’s theory, assumed and tried to prove scientifically that the more the Ego fights and resists the wishes of Id, the more tired it becomes.This means that the Ego has increasingly lower stamina to take part in activities, but also in life in general.To take things from the start, Baumeister firstly made the hypothesis that people, in order to adapt to the various social environments in which they participate, they have the ability to self-regulate.Self-regulation means that the individual has the ability to change and adapt his or her actions to comply with a remarkable range of social and casual demands.For example, the ability of self-regulation requires the individual to greet someone back when they greet him or talk in a formal speech when addressin g a person of a higher social status.Generally, self-regulation forms an important basis for the perception of free will and socially desirable behavior, while providing benefits to both the individual and the society. Self-control can help people achieve various desired results, more productivity and higher performance at work, succeeding in school, achieving popularity, better mental health, and conflict-free interpersonal relationships.Check out Roy Baumeister himself talk about self-control during his visit in the RSA in his speech called “Willpower: Self-control, decision fatigue, and energy”. FORMING THE EGO DEPLETION THEORYAll of this assisted in the development of the Ego Depletion Theory, as it was named by Baumeister.The theory of ego depletion refers to the idea that the decision-making process in our brains, especially when they are opposing to our preferences, has limited power. Every person has a certain amount of endurance and willpower, and the more they exhaust them, the more they become vulnerable in making bad decisions about themselves and their health.In short, for Baumeister, the psyche (or the mind) is a muscle â€" the more it gets depleted the more difficult it is to make the right decisions.At this point, you may be wondering how Baumeister succeeded in establishing scientifically an idea which â€" obviously in simpler terms â€"   has crossed the mind of most of us. The answer is pretty simple and has to do with food and the human need for social acceptance.So, what did he do?He gathered 30 students at his university, which he divided into three research teams of ten people. At the same time, in the room next to theirs, his wife was baking chocolate cookies. The smell of the baking cookies would penetrate into the room where the research groups were trying to solve some puzzles.In the same room, Baumeister also places a bowl with radishes with the following idea in mind:The first group would be allowed to choose between the chocola te cookies and the radishes, the second group would only eat the cookies, and the third team (poor guys!) would have to eat the radishes, without being allowed to even taste the chocolate cookies.After that, all students were left alone in the room and directed to solve a puzzle that was designed to be impossible to solve.What the researchers wanted to test was how long would it take for the students to give up and if spending a few minutes resisting cookies would make it harder for them to keep trying.So what effect did this set-up have on the students?As you may have already guessed, the results supported Baumeister’s initial hypothesis. The students that were not given the opportunity to taste the freshly baked cookies dropped any attempt to solve the requested puzzle in just 8 minutes on average.On the other hand, the group that was free to eat the cookies continued their efforts to solve the puzzle for twice as long, succeeding in being focused for a total average of 19 minut es!The researchers concluded that the group that ate the radishes had to use a lot more self-control to resist the freshly baked cookies, so when they got to the puzzle test, they didn’t have much willpower left to spend.On the other hand, the participants that got to eat the cookies didn’t have to control their urges and so their willpower reserves were much higher and therefore worked at the puzzle longer.Nevertheless, as a single experiment is not enough to confirm a whole behavioral theory and also maybe because Baumeister liked the idea of tormenting his students, he went forward with another experiment.His second experiment was more relevant to the everyday life and of course, it also included chocolate cookies.How did he decide to “torture” the experiment participants this time? In the second experiment, Baumeister and his team called in 20 participants and instructed them to talk with each other for 20 minutes. They even gave them some supporting questions to help th em start the conversation easier.As you may imagine, many of the questions were related to common small-talk topics, like “Where are you from”, “How are you”, “What are you studying”, and so on.On top of that, the researchers instructed the participants to try to learn the names of the other participants.In the next stage of the experiments, the participants would be required to go alone in a separate room and write down the names of the participants they liked to be partnered with for the final stage.At this point, the researchers just throw away all the notes the participants have written and just randomly assign people to two groups:The ones that will be told that all participants wanted to continue with them, andThe ones that will be informed that no one wanted to be their partner.The partnering though never happened. The researchers said an excuse to all participants and move them to the final stage of the experiment, in which they brought food back into the equatio n.During the final stage, all participants had to sit next to a bowl of 35 cookies and grade them according to aroma, taste, and shape.The results showed that the participants that had been informed that were rejected by all other participants, consumed twice the amount of biscuits compared to those who felt socially acceptable because everyone wanted to be partnered with them.Does this behavior of binge-eating seem familiar?THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EGO DEPLETION THEORY FOR SOCIAL REALITYThe new idea that Baumeister essentially introduced in the theory of psychology is that it is hard to maintain self-control, especially in difficult and stressful situations.The more frequently someone finds themselves in such situations, the more difficult it is to resist the temptation to act contrary to the rules their culture dictates and it becomes easier to just be lost in the desires of the Id.Or in more Freudian words, it becomes easier to be left to be guided by the various appetites of the Id .What does this mean for Baumeister and the scholars that support the theory of ego depletion?It means that people have a certain level of endurance and limited willpower.In other words, the ability of a person to suppress his or her emotional impulses, against the prevalence of their will in relation to a specific objective and the actions required to achieve it.Practically, it means that we all have a certain limit and when we surpass it, we tend to make decisions that may be damaging to our personal progress and health.There are many examples in human life where this theory can be applied, and they have contributed in strengthening the acceptance of the ego depletion theory in the scientific community.There are so many moments in human day-to-day life, where a person finally reaches that point that make them say: “I cannot take this anymore”.Therefore, according to this theory, we all have to give ourselves a break once in a while in order to allow the levels of our mental en ergy return to normal and to be able to work again with a clearer mind even when we find ourselves in difficult and stressful situations.At the same time, as this research has shown, another important element is added to the human personality and this is the concept of willpower, a quality we all ought “take care of”, as there are many situations and processes that can affect it â€" such as our ability to self-control â€" which affect not only ourselves but also the people around us.CRITICISM: IS THE THEORY A REAL THING?When a theory causes that much noise in the scientific community, as the theory of ego depletion has caused, it is only logical that it is considered as the predominant example in the psychoanalytic approach.However, Evan Carter was among the very first to spot some weak points in the theory and set to test it out.In his most known experiment in 2015, Evan Carter and his partner Lilly Kofler decided to test this theory using the most up-to-date technology and res earch tools available.Two professors from the University of Miami decided to perform some quasi-experiments. While using the same setting as in Baumeister’s experiments, they used a larger number of participants and implemented additional analytical tools to examine their results.What they found was that self-control works as it is predicted in the limited endurance model, only when the examined result is participants’ performance on standardized tests.In other words, they have scientifically proved that the only reason that Baumeisters and others experiments have had a noticeable effect is that they functioned with a manipulation task in which they manipulated the participants and an outcome task, on which they measured the effect of the first task.They concluded that, although the surveys seemed to make a reasonable conclusion, the only reason they were legit was that they were following a particular method, which would always lead to this specific result.Therefore, based on t his and other similar research, it can be concluded that we all capable of showing enough mental strength to withstand anything that stands before us, but the real issue behind ego depletion has a different nature: Are we truly willing to overcome our obstacles?A NEW BEGINNINGThe revision of the Ego Depletion Theory essentially ended the scientific results that justified people reluctance and indifference many times to important situations, pretending they were emotionally or mentally tired.These new researchers prove a very important thing for all of us: everyone is as tired as they mentally let themselves be.To support this view, Carol Dweck did some additional research experiments. To avoid presenting in much detail yet another experiment, let’s just go straight to Dweck’s conclusions, which are the ones that are actually the most interesting to us.The results of Dwecks research showed that people who believed they had a really limited amount of willpower seemed to be the one s who were more vulnerable and gave up more easily when requested to solve the puzzles the researchers had asked.On the contrary, the participants who had more faith in themselves and thought they had unlimited endurance and were confident that could overcome whatever obstacle was placed in front of them were the ones that did not show any sign of ego depletion.On top of that, they were the ones that endured the longest during the research experiments conducted by Dweck.From all the above we can conclude that the theory of ego depletion has been established to explain the phenomenon in which a person that truly believes that something is possible to be done, has the willpower to adapt reality to their beliefs.This practically means that people often believe and act according to what seems the easiest solution. Most people will choose to take the easy path because they are not prepared to outgrow the mental limitations they think they have.The conclusions of Dweck’s work are beauti fully summarized in her TED talk: “The power of believing that you can improve | Carol Dweck”. Modern research shows that people’s actual potential is what they think it is. If a person thinks he or she is psychologically vulnerable, or that they get tired easily even though they do not try hard enough, it is mathematically certain that their reality will also revolve around these same issues.The analogy is simple and understandable by everyone: when we think we are tired, this makes us even more exhausted than we truly are, and after getting a reward, then we immediately feel better and more ready for the next challenge.All the above function as a placebo effect, of course, because in fact it is enough for one to believe in his or her abilities to tackle the required task, and that suffices to feel much better and to live a more lively life.CONCLUSIONThe fact that the Ego Depletion Theory has proved to be invalid by some scientists does not mean that social psychologists have stopped or should stop studying it.It is very common in the scientific community a theory to be constantly evaluated, and while initially it may not be accepted, after some time an even more powerful and modern tool has been discovered to verify it.A very typical example is Copernicuss theory about the round earth, a theory that was verified at least 150 years after its discovery and Copernicus death.Nevertheless, since most of us are not psychologists or sociologists, we have to live a life based on what we know now. Living in the moment means that each one of us must place themselves in the highest position and understand that whatever the obstacle is and that whatever the situation is, we have the ability to cope.However, the emotions that we feel are our bodies’ way of conveying information that our conscious self could miss. When a feeling of tiredness doesn’t stop after a while, we should listen to it as a source of insight.We can gather our willpower to finish tasks that we don’t enjoy, only for a certain amount of time and of course we will never become the best we can if we keep ignoring what the negative feelings tell us about ourselves. By examining our lack of willpower, we can find a guide to what we truly want to do in life.Life is too short to pass it feeling mentally tired and exhausted. We should spend our time as productively as possible, making as many things as possible that interest and revitalize us.Time is running out with each passing day, so lets try to live life as loudly and passionately as we can.

Ego Depletion An Influential Theory in Psychology

Ego Depletion An Influential Theory in Psychology We all have faced moments when we didn’t know what we truly wanted, and even when we ended up choosing a direction or making a decision, we couldn’t really justify it. It seems like we are not fully aware of why we do the things we do and that can be terrifying.Of course, the complexity of the human nature as described above has not gone unnoticed.Psychologists and social scientists are constantly trying to create models of human behavior and analyze the human psyche.One particular issue that has been the focus of many psychology studies is the impacts on people that have the increasingly demanding rhythms of life, but also the ever-increasing work-related and personal obligations.One can say that the modern society is actually a “high-speed” society and that makes it far more complicated than what it used to be in the past. Modern day-to-day routine, work, commuting, interpersonal relationships or even institutions tend to lack the simplicity and sense of stability of the pa st.Instead, what we are faced with is the anxious lifestyle of the big cities, the rapid evolution of science and technology, the mechanization of the work environment, the information overload or infobesity that turns the man into a “racehorse” that is constantly on the run to meet his or her obligations â€" whether they are real or fictitious.One theory that analyzes exactly these phenomena is the Ego Depletion Theory.The term was first introduced by the American social psychologist Roy Baumeister and his fellow researchers in their article Ego Depletion: Is the Active Self a Limited Resource? which was published in 1998.In short, this early work was focused on the mental strength that people show when faced with difficult situations, and whether those situations have ultimately an effect on their decision-making. The result of this analysis was the Ego Depletion Theory, which influences the scientific thought until today.Let’s see, what this theory is really about, how it a ffects our decisions and lives and of course, why it so influential among the psychology community.THE EGO DEPLETION THEORYThe initial influence: FreudTo understand how the idea of this theory came to Baumeister and his fellow researchers, we need to go a little back in time and examine something a little more complex: the theories of Sigmund Freud.As you all may know, Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern psychology and influenced global intelligence more than anyone else.While this may be an exaggeration, the truth is that whether you are a professional, a student, or someone not related with psychology at all, you have heard a thing or two about his work.Truth is that those who are not so intensely involved in the field of psychoanalysis know him mainly for the “Oedipus Complex”, but in fact Freud has consolidated also other scientific views, which are still being studied and are still trying to be proven experimentally as much anything that has to do with the human ps yche.However, it is interesting to look at Freuds views, for it is very likely that the theory later documented by Baumeister and others was scientifically influenced by Freud’s work.Freud, beyond the familiar Oedipus complex, has also established the theory about the three aspects of the human psyche (or mind).What does this mean?For Freud, our psyche or our personality consists of three distinct but interacting with each other parts.The first part is the “Id” (or “It”). This is the part of the psyche in which all the primitive instincts of a person are found, such as erotic attraction, hunger, and thirst, and it constitutes a collective name for the biological needs and instincts of the individual. Its main driving force is the principle of achieving the highest possible pleasure and avoiding any negative feelings.The second part is the “Ego” (or “I”). Ego is governed by the principle of reality, and its purpose is to satisfy the desires of Id, taking into accoun t the limitations of reality. The Ego is the organized part of our personality and is responsible for basic functions such as the assessment of various situations, the control of reality, judgment, compromise, finding solutions to various problems, etc. The Ego distinguishes what is real, and thus helping us sort our thoughts and understand them.The third part is the “Super-Ego” (or “Over-I”). The Super-Ego aims at perfection and, while it constitutes an organized part of the personality, it is mostly unconscious. Super-Ego can be visualized as the conscience that punishes people with feelings of guilt, every time they act in socially unacceptable ways. Superego is the opposite of “Id” because it wants to make the individual act in a socially acceptable way while “Id” only wants to satisfy its instincts. So, as we have said, it acts as a consciousness-guard that keeps us away from anti-social behaviors and from various taboos.If you want to learn more about this conc ept, check out this short explanatory video by actualized.org called “Id, Ego, Superego Understanding An Old School Psychology Concept”. But what does this all have to do with Baumeister?Self-RegulationBaumeister, based on Freud’s theory, assumed and tried to prove scientifically that the more the Ego fights and resists the wishes of Id, the more tired it becomes.This means that the Ego has increasingly lower stamina to take part in activities, but also in life in general.To take things from the start, Baumeister firstly made the hypothesis that people, in order to adapt to the various social environments in which they participate, they have the ability to self-regulate.Self-regulation means that the individual has the ability to change and adapt his or her actions to comply with a remarkable range of social and casual demands.For example, the ability of self-regulation requires the individual to greet someone back when they greet him or talk in a formal speech when addressin g a person of a higher social status.Generally, self-regulation forms an important basis for the perception of free will and socially desirable behavior, while providing benefits to both the individual and the society. Self-control can help people achieve various desired results, more productivity and higher performance at work, succeeding in school, achieving popularity, better mental health, and conflict-free interpersonal relationships.Check out Roy Baumeister himself talk about self-control during his visit in the RSA in his speech called “Willpower: Self-control, decision fatigue, and energy”. FORMING THE EGO DEPLETION THEORYAll of this assisted in the development of the Ego Depletion Theory, as it was named by Baumeister.The theory of ego depletion refers to the idea that the decision-making process in our brains, especially when they are opposing to our preferences, has limited power. Every person has a certain amount of endurance and willpower, and the more they exhaust them, the more they become vulnerable in making bad decisions about themselves and their health.In short, for Baumeister, the psyche (or the mind) is a muscle â€" the more it gets depleted the more difficult it is to make the right decisions.At this point, you may be wondering how Baumeister succeeded in establishing scientifically an idea which â€" obviously in simpler terms â€"   has crossed the mind of most of us. The answer is pretty simple and has to do with food and the human need for social acceptance.So, what did he do?He gathered 30 students at his university, which he divided into three research teams of ten people. At the same time, in the room next to theirs, his wife was baking chocolate cookies. The smell of the baking cookies would penetrate into the room where the research groups were trying to solve some puzzles.In the same room, Baumeister also places a bowl with radishes with the following idea in mind:The first group would be allowed to choose between the chocola te cookies and the radishes, the second group would only eat the cookies, and the third team (poor guys!) would have to eat the radishes, without being allowed to even taste the chocolate cookies.After that, all students were left alone in the room and directed to solve a puzzle that was designed to be impossible to solve.What the researchers wanted to test was how long would it take for the students to give up and if spending a few minutes resisting cookies would make it harder for them to keep trying.So what effect did this set-up have on the students?As you may have already guessed, the results supported Baumeister’s initial hypothesis. The students that were not given the opportunity to taste the freshly baked cookies dropped any attempt to solve the requested puzzle in just 8 minutes on average.On the other hand, the group that was free to eat the cookies continued their efforts to solve the puzzle for twice as long, succeeding in being focused for a total average of 19 minut es!The researchers concluded that the group that ate the radishes had to use a lot more self-control to resist the freshly baked cookies, so when they got to the puzzle test, they didn’t have much willpower left to spend.On the other hand, the participants that got to eat the cookies didn’t have to control their urges and so their willpower reserves were much higher and therefore worked at the puzzle longer.Nevertheless, as a single experiment is not enough to confirm a whole behavioral theory and also maybe because Baumeister liked the idea of tormenting his students, he went forward with another experiment.His second experiment was more relevant to the everyday life and of course, it also included chocolate cookies.How did he decide to “torture” the experiment participants this time? In the second experiment, Baumeister and his team called in 20 participants and instructed them to talk with each other for 20 minutes. They even gave them some supporting questions to help th em start the conversation easier.As you may imagine, many of the questions were related to common small-talk topics, like “Where are you from”, “How are you”, “What are you studying”, and so on.On top of that, the researchers instructed the participants to try to learn the names of the other participants.In the next stage of the experiments, the participants would be required to go alone in a separate room and write down the names of the participants they liked to be partnered with for the final stage.At this point, the researchers just throw away all the notes the participants have written and just randomly assign people to two groups:The ones that will be told that all participants wanted to continue with them, andThe ones that will be informed that no one wanted to be their partner.The partnering though never happened. The researchers said an excuse to all participants and move them to the final stage of the experiment, in which they brought food back into the equatio n.During the final stage, all participants had to sit next to a bowl of 35 cookies and grade them according to aroma, taste, and shape.The results showed that the participants that had been informed that were rejected by all other participants, consumed twice the amount of biscuits compared to those who felt socially acceptable because everyone wanted to be partnered with them.Does this behavior of binge-eating seem familiar?THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EGO DEPLETION THEORY FOR SOCIAL REALITYThe new idea that Baumeister essentially introduced in the theory of psychology is that it is hard to maintain self-control, especially in difficult and stressful situations.The more frequently someone finds themselves in such situations, the more difficult it is to resist the temptation to act contrary to the rules their culture dictates and it becomes easier to just be lost in the desires of the Id.Or in more Freudian words, it becomes easier to be left to be guided by the various appetites of the Id .What does this mean for Baumeister and the scholars that support the theory of ego depletion?It means that people have a certain level of endurance and limited willpower.In other words, the ability of a person to suppress his or her emotional impulses, against the prevalence of their will in relation to a specific objective and the actions required to achieve it.Practically, it means that we all have a certain limit and when we surpass it, we tend to make decisions that may be damaging to our personal progress and health.There are many examples in human life where this theory can be applied, and they have contributed in strengthening the acceptance of the ego depletion theory in the scientific community.There are so many moments in human day-to-day life, where a person finally reaches that point that make them say: “I cannot take this anymore”.Therefore, according to this theory, we all have to give ourselves a break once in a while in order to allow the levels of our mental en ergy return to normal and to be able to work again with a clearer mind even when we find ourselves in difficult and stressful situations.At the same time, as this research has shown, another important element is added to the human personality and this is the concept of willpower, a quality we all ought “take care of”, as there are many situations and processes that can affect it â€" such as our ability to self-control â€" which affect not only ourselves but also the people around us.CRITICISM: IS THE THEORY A REAL THING?When a theory causes that much noise in the scientific community, as the theory of ego depletion has caused, it is only logical that it is considered as the predominant example in the psychoanalytic approach.However, Evan Carter was among the very first to spot some weak points in the theory and set to test it out.In his most known experiment in 2015, Evan Carter and his partner Lilly Kofler decided to test this theory using the most up-to-date technology and res earch tools available.Two professors from the University of Miami decided to perform some quasi-experiments. While using the same setting as in Baumeister’s experiments, they used a larger number of participants and implemented additional analytical tools to examine their results.What they found was that self-control works as it is predicted in the limited endurance model, only when the examined result is participants’ performance on standardized tests.In other words, they have scientifically proved that the only reason that Baumeisters and others experiments have had a noticeable effect is that they functioned with a manipulation task in which they manipulated the participants and an outcome task, on which they measured the effect of the first task.They concluded that, although the surveys seemed to make a reasonable conclusion, the only reason they were legit was that they were following a particular method, which would always lead to this specific result.Therefore, based on t his and other similar research, it can be concluded that we all capable of showing enough mental strength to withstand anything that stands before us, but the real issue behind ego depletion has a different nature: Are we truly willing to overcome our obstacles?A NEW BEGINNINGThe revision of the Ego Depletion Theory essentially ended the scientific results that justified people reluctance and indifference many times to important situations, pretending they were emotionally or mentally tired.These new researchers prove a very important thing for all of us: everyone is as tired as they mentally let themselves be.To support this view, Carol Dweck did some additional research experiments. To avoid presenting in much detail yet another experiment, let’s just go straight to Dweck’s conclusions, which are the ones that are actually the most interesting to us.The results of Dwecks research showed that people who believed they had a really limited amount of willpower seemed to be the one s who were more vulnerable and gave up more easily when requested to solve the puzzles the researchers had asked.On the contrary, the participants who had more faith in themselves and thought they had unlimited endurance and were confident that could overcome whatever obstacle was placed in front of them were the ones that did not show any sign of ego depletion.On top of that, they were the ones that endured the longest during the research experiments conducted by Dweck.From all the above we can conclude that the theory of ego depletion has been established to explain the phenomenon in which a person that truly believes that something is possible to be done, has the willpower to adapt reality to their beliefs.This practically means that people often believe and act according to what seems the easiest solution. Most people will choose to take the easy path because they are not prepared to outgrow the mental limitations they think they have.The conclusions of Dweck’s work are beauti fully summarized in her TED talk: “The power of believing that you can improve | Carol Dweck”. Modern research shows that people’s actual potential is what they think it is. If a person thinks he or she is psychologically vulnerable, or that they get tired easily even though they do not try hard enough, it is mathematically certain that their reality will also revolve around these same issues.The analogy is simple and understandable by everyone: when we think we are tired, this makes us even more exhausted than we truly are, and after getting a reward, then we immediately feel better and more ready for the next challenge.All the above function as a placebo effect, of course, because in fact it is enough for one to believe in his or her abilities to tackle the required task, and that suffices to feel much better and to live a more lively life.CONCLUSIONThe fact that the Ego Depletion Theory has proved to be invalid by some scientists does not mean that social psychologists have stopped or should stop studying it.It is very common in the scientific community a theory to be constantly evaluated, and while initially it may not be accepted, after some time an even more powerful and modern tool has been discovered to verify it.A very typical example is Copernicuss theory about the round earth, a theory that was verified at least 150 years after its discovery and Copernicus death.Nevertheless, since most of us are not psychologists or sociologists, we have to live a life based on what we know now. Living in the moment means that each one of us must place themselves in the highest position and understand that whatever the obstacle is and that whatever the situation is, we have the ability to cope.However, the emotions that we feel are our bodies’ way of conveying information that our conscious self could miss. When a feeling of tiredness doesn’t stop after a while, we should listen to it as a source of insight.We can gather our willpower to finish tasks that we don’t enjoy, only for a certain amount of time and of course we will never become the best we can if we keep ignoring what the negative feelings tell us about ourselves. By examining our lack of willpower, we can find a guide to what we truly want to do in life.Life is too short to pass it feeling mentally tired and exhausted. We should spend our time as productively as possible, making as many things as possible that interest and revitalize us.Time is running out with each passing day, so lets try to live life as loudly and passionately as we can.

African American Civil Rights Movement - 1525 Words

Following World War I, a new, militant spirit of resistance and activism burgeoned among African-American citizens across the United States. Empowered by the sense that blacks had played a crucial role in the conflict, the descendants of freedmen returned home to fight for their own rights only to find persecution; this dire situation called for immediate, decisive action. During the interwar years, African Americans in the southwest Georgia Black Belt fought for community empowerment and, through the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), and numerous other political and labor-oriented groups, established a significant organizing tradition, thereby laying the†¦show more content†¦Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had led the community in mass demonstrations the previous year. Indeed, almost every historian who has dealt with the southwest Georgia movement has made a similar assertion. However, such a notion could not be farther from the truth. The organizing tradition amongst oppressed African-Americans involved a sustained working-class struggle over several decades that was both tenacious and politically heterogeneous. In order to more fully understand the agendas and motivations for this political activity in southwest Georgia, one must first have some clue as to the nature and scope of their economic options. In 1935, noted statistician Charles E. Hall, under the supervision of Z.R. Pettet of the United States Bureau of the Census, published an exhaustive study of the social and economic characteristics of African-America entitled Negroes in the United States. Based upon information gathered by the Census Bureau, the work provides invaluable insight into the lives and movements of black Americans in the early part of the century. One crucial inference that may be drawn from Hall’s compilation is the overwhelmingly rural composition of the African-American population in southwest Georgia counties as late as 1930. For the purposes of the study, Hall employed the terms â€Å"urban† and â€Å"rural† in accordance with the meanings assigned

Apathy to Human Suffering Essay - 920 Words

The suffering of the world is often captivated in the work of the great poets like Robert Frost and W. H Auden. The similarities between Frosts Design and Audens Musee des Beaux Arts include the belief that the world may be blind to human suffering and to that that causes the suffering. Apathy by the part of the human being is explained either by sheer ignorance of a greater power or by lack of time to consider the existence of such a power that controls the fate of humanity and all that is present in the world. Robert Frosts Design describes plainly a picture that contains the outmost rarities in nature. I found a dimpled spider, fat and white, / On a white heal-all, holding up a moth / Like a white piece of rigid satin†¦show more content†¦The assorted characters of death are all the associations of funeral rites that are included in these lines. Even the word right, when read in continuation with the next line, turns into its homophone rite and that rite into the makings of the witches broth by using the ingredients, which include the rare spider, flower and the dead wings of the moth. The design is then most apparent in the next stanza of the poem when Frost questions what has brought the white spider to the top of the rare heal-all flower and what has brought the white moth to the death in the night. What but design of darkness to appall?-- / If design govern in a thing so small (Frost 13-14). The whiteness of the elements in a picture that is painted so dark appalls the narrator and poses the question of the fate of the world in the hands of darkness. If a picture that seems so innocent and so white can hold within itself such darkness and design, then how much design do our own lives hold? Frost believes that if darkness can be at work in such a small design, then certainly darkness must be at the reins of our own fate and that if darkness is so evident on a design so white and apparently good, then any design that holds darkness must be infinitely more dark and evil. W. H. Auden starts Musee des Beaux Arts byShow MoreRelatedMean s Search For Meaning By Viktor Frankl1711 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would happen next. Phase two, Apathy. The reactions from the previous phase began to disappear within a few days. All the prisoners were invaded by a symptom of apathy, which reached a kind of emotional death, their feelings disappear at the sight of dark things that happen every day (like the child who gets his feet to ice and is half pulls the fingers with a pair of pliers), until in the end these scenes become habitual and accustomed to them. 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What Is So Fascinating About Essay Writing Topics for Grade 5?

What Is So Fascinating About Essay Writing Topics for Grade 5? Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. People do all types of jobs. MP3 music needs to be free. People are now overly dependent upon technology. The reader should ultimately be in a position to observe the described image as though they were looking at a painting or a photograph for the very first time. In reality, sometimes it's easy just to consider things from your day-to-day life. Among the things that is the exact same is that we both have people who are black and white. There are things which are the very same and various other things which are really different. Imagine your elderly neighbor is out at 3 a.m. nightly, digging inside her flower garden. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to acquire tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. A minumum of one parent should work at home. Describe a relative or your very best friend as detailed as possible. What Essay Writing Topics for Grade 5 Is - and What it Is Not English language classes usually call for a lot of writing. Racial slurs ought to be illegal. Following are different kinds of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic depending on your need and requirement. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory for the initial five years after obtaining a license. They should be mandatory over a certain age. There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. In an academic setting, but the paper ought to be formatted and organized in line with the corresponding standards without the usage of informal languages like slang or jargon. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. As a result of this, there'll be more writing assignments and a closer attention to the caliber of the writing. School should occur in the evenings. Women ought to be fined whenever they scream. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. It isn't important if you teach English online or whether you're a classroom teacher, we wish to understand about your teaching styles. Explain why some students are made to leave school as soon as they are sixteen. Year round school isn't a good idea. Don't neglect to write together with your students. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. Advantages and disadvantages of Adoption. What Is So Fascinating About Essay Writing Topics for Grade 5? You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. A couple of bucks won't help you wind up with a good paper. The ESL essay ought to be grammatically accurate. Textbooks ought to be free. These essay topics may be used since they are written, or modified to suit the requirements of the assignment. Logo the uk's best and most dependable essay writing editing service' our job is to give high-quality custom-written essays to permit you to satisfy your. I understand this quick definition grants you the fundamentals, but you need to know more on the topic of persuasive writing before you try to compose your own essay. Explain how to create a paper airplane. Professional customized essay writers for hire to make your essay from scratch. There are not any yellow school buses in my previous city. Students are trained to compose a story for a narrator who has experienced a circumstance. From time to time, it can be a great concept to think of any topics which you're particularly interested in. Becoming creative and descriptive can occasionally be a challenge. The key consideration to bear in mind is these expository essays are based on facts instead of the writer's beliefs or feelings. A descriptive essay is a sort of essay which aims at aiding you to illustrate something to your reader in a manner which they can see, feel, or hear what it is you're speaking about. Essay Writing Topics for Grade 5 - What Is It? Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. Then compose an essay describing the process you use to achieve this exceptional feat. Students may have to find out more about the topics to be able to respond with sufficient depth and complexity. Give some arguments to strengthen your position.

Bachelor of Nursing for Diversity in Australia - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBachelor of Nursing for Diversity in Australia. Answer: Topic: Cultural diversity in Australia and health issues specific to indigenous people in Australia Reflection of feelings, thoughts and behavior using the SI template: Wright Mills gave the term social imagination to establish the relation between personal experience and the wider society. It can also be defined as the method of using imaginative thought to interpret and understand sociological issues in society (Giddens et al., 2016). Germov, (2014) argued that sociological imagination is a type of thinking approach in which realities of our lives are connected with larger social realities. Reflection by the use of sociological template shows enables focusing not just on own personal problems, but also understand the issues of the wider society. The sociological imagination template is widely used in real life to understand the social issues experienced by certain sections of society. The sociological imagination template facilitates understanding of wider social issues by focusing on the following interrelated factors: Historical factors Cultural factors Structural factors Critical factors The above mentioned factors enables reflection on personal values and beliefs and what factors shape or influence behavior of a person. The same factors can be analysed from the perspective of the wider society too. This reflective paper particularly focused on applying the sociological imagination template to discuss about cultural diversity in Australia and how Australian health care system meet the needs of the diverse population groups. Reflection is also given on specific health issues present in this group. While working in Australia, I came to about the cultural diversity in the country. Its unique history has contributed to the diversity in people, cultures and behaviors of people residing in the country. Today, it is known as the most culturally and linguistically diverse nation in the world because immigrants, indigenous population and the people from British colonial past comprise the Australian demographic (Face the facts: Cultural Diversity | Australian Human Rights Commission, 2017). Through my experience in the health care field, I got to learn about the immense challenges the staff face due culturally diverse patient group and the preparedness of the system to meet the needs of such people. The Australian Government now realizes the reasons for health inequality between indigenous and non-indigenous people after the publication of the data on health status and life expectancy of indigenous Australians. In the past, cultural competence levels were increased only in case of part icular situations. However, after the enactment of the Close the Gap policy, embedding cultural competence became a priority at both administrative level and operational level. I have seen many new developments are now taking place to develop a culturally competent health service (Cultural competency in the delivery of health services for Indigenous people, 2017). My professional work also gave me the responsibility to interact with the indigenous people. Before doing this task, I was not ware about the history of their migration and the negative experience that has contributed to adverse health issues in them. However, after doing the research work for this reflective assignment, I have more respect for indigenous people because they have experienced negative health outcome due to experience of discrimination and they deserve all the right to be treated equally in society. Reflection on the Topic using SI Template: Historical Factors: After shifting to Australia, I became aware of the vast culturally diversity and rise in immigrants population in the country. I saw a huge cultural shift due to wide difference in the my own cultural background and indigenous people of Australia. I was born and raised in Nepal and I follow Hindu religion. Language barrier was also a challenge for me while working in Australia because only 16% of the population spoke in English and about 61,000 people spoke in indigenous language. Although my first language is Nepali, however I have been speaking English since childhood. So, I had the expectation that knowledge of English language would be enough to work in Australia. However, the diversity in language and culture made me amazed. I saw that the indigenous people choices were highly influence by their culture and past experience. I also have an affinity towards my culture and my society taught me to be respectful and helpful towards other people. The events of discrimination and poor experience faced by indigenous people shocked me because in my own community, we had a strong bonding and I never expected such inequality could exist in society. In our society, people always lend a helping hand in different events such as festivals, marriages or funeral. However, in the Australia culture, I found very different concept regarding interacting with people and bonding with them. The multiculturalism in Australia has been seen mainly because people from diverse culture, ethnic, linguistic and religious group reside in the country. For instance, the indigenous group of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been residing in the country since many thousands years and currently they comprise about 2.8% of the population (Census: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, 2017).Secondly, immigrants are coming in the country since thee past two centuries (Multicultural Australia, 2017).Indigenous people have resided in Australia since 60, 000 years and history of migration starts from the time before European settlement. At that time, no direct interaction between aboriginals and other people were seen in the country (Our shared history | Sections | Share Our Pride 2017). The White Australian policy also imposed restriction on the migration of the non-European people to preserve British cultural identity. However, after the enactment of Racial Discrimination Act and many other reforms, the Aboriginal people got the right to leave in the country. The Assimilation policy was one of the policy that encouraged people to enhance their cultural competency skills and embrace people from all culture. The health care department also prepared themselves to address the health needs of the indigenous people by extending training to improve the cultural competency of health care staff (Rumbaut, 2015). Cultural Factors: Culture has a vast impact on health and health related choices. For instance, in my birthplace Nepal, I have found people to believe on the supernatural elements for illness and pain and so they mostly try to seek relief from illness by means of prayers and other rituals. Although my cultural beliefs also influence my decisions in life, however I have prioritized my health by focusing on the biomedical aspects of health care. Different cultural beliefs affect perception of health, causes illness, manner of seeking treatment and preference for particular treatment too. I got to know this by investigating about the reasons for great gap in health outcome between indigenous and non-indigenous population. The Australian culture is mixed culture where great difference is seen in the common beliefs and values of people. This has an impact of health outcome and life expectancy of both group. The statisctical data shows that life expectancy of the indigenous population is much lower than the rest of the population for almost all age groups. Circulatory disease was found to be the major cause of mortality in indigenous people (Life expectancy (AIHW), 2017).The excess mortality rate has been linked to poor health behavior of the group such tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, poor nutrition and poor utilization of health service. All behavioral risk factors were influence by their cultural beliefs and val ues too and the social gradient. For instance, susceptibility to disease was high due to their lower social standing (Shepherd, Li, Zubrick, 2012). The health behavior of indigenous Australians was also highly influenced by their cultural beliefs and values. Their culture, social network, socioeconomic disadvantage, racism and psychological distress affected their health behavior and choices. Secondly, connection to family and focus on cultural obligation disrupted positive health behavior. In addition, the acceptability of the health service was affected because of the effects of colonization, lack of trust and poor cross-cultural communication (Waterworth et al., 2015). Different concepts about health and treatment of illness further deteriorated their health status and well-being. Structural Factors: Just like indigenous Australians, my cultural beliefs affected the manner in which I interact with the social structure in societies. For instance, while deciding to go to college or while proceeding ahead with professional choices, following family obligations was important for me. These obligations helped me to decide which type of jobs I can take and which I cannot take because of cultural or religious obligations of Hinduism. In Australia, the health care is not designed to tackle people from culturally diverse background. Health care professionals and nurses focus more on biomedical model of care and social element has not been include in health care delivery. This has been the reason for poor utilization of health service by the indigenous group. While investigating about the reasons for poor utilization of health service among indigenous people, I found that apart from cultural obligations, language and communication barrier was a major reason for poor utilization of service. Health professionals failed to comprehend message of indigenous group and they were not aware about the ways to approach indigenous patient. Another gap in health structure was that there is lack of non-discriminatory service to support the complex health needs of the target group. In addition, poor physical availability of the service for indigenous people affected the accessibility of the service in remote setting (Ware, 2017). Critical Factors: My cultural values had never affected my life because in my birthplace, no disparity was seen due to cultural background of people. However, after reviewing the health status of indigenous Australian and the increase in mortality rate in people, major flaws have been found in the Australian health care system. There is lack of culturally acceptable health care service and Australia needs to urgent implement initiatives to integrate culturally sensitive care in current service and improve the factors leading to accessibility of the service. Some of the beneficial strategies many include designing flexible service, indigenous specific service and culturally appropriate health promotion campaigns, employing indigenous staff and training other staffs in cultural competence skills (Truong, Paradies, Priest, 2014). Discussion on Achievement of ACU Graduate Attributes Through Reflection: This reflective exercise on comparing my own cultural background and beliefs and cultural beliefs and health behavior of indigenous population was a useful learning exercise for me. I was not aware that cultural difference could affect health service and health status of a person in a significant way as my country does not have culturally diverse population demographics like Australia. However, after getting the knowledge about the history of multiculturalism in Australia and the reasons for health disparity in indigenous population, I have more respect for this group. I feel that the society has done injustice to them for which they needed to leave their homeland and come to Australia. Secondly, they witnessed racism and heath issues also because of lack of cultural sensitivity in the Australian health care system. Now, I have more respect for this group and I feel that human diversity should be respected and no one should be discriminated on grounds of cultural background and past history. Hence, I have achieved the ACU graduate attribute respect for the diversity of each individual through this reflective exercise. Reference Census: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. (2017).Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/MediaRealesesByCatalogue/02D50FAA9987D6B7CA25814800087E03?OpenDocument Cultural competency in the delivery of health services for Indigenous people. (2017). Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Our_publications/2015/ctgc-ip13.pdf Face the facts: Cultural Diversity | Australian Human Rights Commission. (2017).Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/face-facts-cultural-diversity Germov, J. (2014). Imagining health problems as social issues. In Second opinion: An introduction to health sociology (5th ed.). (Chapter 1). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press Giddens, A., Duneier, M., Appelbaum, R. P., Carr, D. S. (2016).Introduction to sociology. WW Norton. Life expectancy (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/indigenous-observatory-life-expectancy/ Multicultural Australia. (2017).Livingsafetogether.gov.au. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.livingsafetogether.gov.au/informationadvice/Pages/Multicultural-Australia.aspx Our shared history | Sections | Share Our Pride. (2017).Shareourpride.org.au. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.shareourpride.org.au/sections/our-shared-history/ Rumbaut, R. G. (2015). Assimilation of immigrants.Browser Download This Paper. Shepherd, C. C., Li, J., Zubrick, S. R. (2012). Social gradients in the health of Indigenous Australians.American journal of public health,102(1), 107-117. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.BMC health services research,14(1), 99. Ware, V. (2017).Improving the accessibility of health services in urban and regional settings for Indigenous people. Retrieved 6 September 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Publications/2013/ctgc-rs27.pdf Waterworth, P., Pescud, M., Braham, R., Dimmock, J., Rosenberg, M. (2015). Factors influencing the health behaviour of indigenous Australians: Perspectives from support people.PloS one,10(11), e0142323.

The Game of Life free essay sample

Tension is growing at the table. The opponent is staring me dead in the eyes, his glare creeping into my soul. I keep a straight face, making sure not to give away my strategy. Valuable cards have been lost, but I wield confidence in the hand before me. Should I check? Fold?Forfeit? The odds are unfavorable, and victory is looking bleak. When I was five-years old, the five of hearts was dealt. I had a stable family, with two parents who loved me. However, in the middle of a spring night, the game turned the tables on my dad. He was having spasms and his head was throbbing; his cards were beginning to bleed. Then, a piece of his carotid artery broke off, preventing blood or oxygen from getting to his brain. And my heart was broken. As a result of this event, he is now paralyzed on the entire left side of his body and has permanent brain damage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Game of Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I do not remember the person my dad was before his stroke, but I have been told he was a good man and an even better father. Today, he still tries his best, but my father has his own hand to play, his own game to win. Losing that five of hearts still beleaguers me to this day. My opponent chuckles, believing he has the upper hand. Jumping forward to when I was fifteen at a basketball game in the Bronx, the king of clubs was dealt. Sweat was rolling down my chin, and my body was pumping adrenaline through my veins while I ruled the court. As a six foot four, two hundred and twenty pound center, I commanded my team to an unexpected lead over our opponent. My coach yelled, â€Å"Keep playing hard!†, but his words were futile. I leaped up to block a shot, but reached too far, and came crashing down like Macbeth after his defeat at Dunsinane. The king of clubs had been ousted, and I lay on the hardwood like a royal fool. After being rushed to the hospital, doctors discovered I have osteochondritis-dissecans, a disease which made a piece of my knee break off. With two surgeries, my knee was repaired, but I had to use crutches for six months. I was never the same player again. My opponent finally usurped me. I had lost the five of hearts and king of clubs, and I was ready to forfeit. But, then I realized I cannot change the cards that were dealt, just how I played the hand. Previously, I would go all in with my chips for basketball. I believed basketball would be my future, and having stellar grades was unnecessary. After my king of clubs was lost, I focused my strategy on academia. The game accordingly turned in my favor. Adjusting my strategy created a better future for me. Most importantly, changing how I played my cards allowed me to enjoy playing the game of life. No longer did I stand stagnant at the intimidating glare of my opponent. I had regained confidence with my new-found passion. I did not need to check, fold, or forfeit. The game is forever in my hands. I can never give up in the game of life. I thought my opponent was the world, until I found all along it was me. My blindness to reality was my greatest weakness, but I can now see I was my own enemy, my opponent. Once my naivete was recognized, my cards wielded limitless potential. The game of life is mine to win. I prevailed against all odds, and I have the capability to adapt to and maximize any cards that are dealt. I graciously await my next deal.

Mideast essays

Mideast essays Why Did the U.S. Involve Itself with the Middle East in the Early to Mid 1990s? When the United States of America was founded in 1776 it seemed to our forefathers there was little if any need for a real foreign policy. The general belief was that the United States was small and, to say the least, on shaky ground. So when the drafters of the constitution put their plan of government into writing little, if any, reference to the role of the United States in world politics, much less in the politics of a region so different and unknown as the Middle East. Such thoughts are a far cry from what we know today as the role of the U.S. in world politics and Middle Eastern politics. The United States ranks fourth among the worlds countries in area and third in population. It has the worlds most productive economy and is the worlds largest producer of food. It is a military superpower. Indeed, there is little that happens in the United States that does not affect other parts of the world (The Politics Of American Government). With this in mind one might think the United States could exist independent of any other country in the world, but the facts remain that even though the U.S. is the worlds most productive economy it is also the country with the largest budget at $1.519 trillion dollars in 1995, the country is the greatest donor of foreign aid with $4.57 billion in 1994 to Israel alone, and also the country with the with the greatest foreign debt and the greatest national debt totaling in at $5.153 trillion dollars as of March 31, 1996, (The Guinness Book of Records). Knowing these things it is easy to see that the U.S. is far from self-reliant. How did a nation that is considered by many to be the greatest nation in the world come to such a point of economic hardship? A large part of this is due to the fact the U.S. is heavily involved in commerce with Middle Eastern countries, ...

Michael Jackson and How the Media Betrayed Him Assignment

Michael Jackson and How the Media Betrayed Him - Assignment Example A large number of interviews and news columns was publicised which have indicated Michael was a pedophile. Michael suffered the disparaging and debasing media charges and criticisms and persistently implored the media not to condemn him because his guilt was not yet proven (Barris & Gray, 2006). But the media kept on depicting the King of Pop in the most damaging way possible. Although the media has claimed their reports were for the public’s entertainment, the scathing media reports have constantly burdened and troubled Michael. For a media that flourished on generating images of Michael which depicted his life’s undesirable facets; the media coverage has been less disparaging in portraying the death of the King of Pop. His demise did not generate the burst of images normally depicting a famous icon’s passing away. The sole media image being shown is Michael’s ambulance snapshot while an EMS specialist was trying to revive him (Lee, 2009). It is somewhat unexpected that the media has easily acknowledged the verification of Michael’s death from law enforcement and family members. It is actually worrying because the media has constantly projected an ‘investigative’ character when it referred to current events or controversial personalities, particularly regarding the King of Pop (Hadley, 2009: 37). However, the media has not once challenged or looked into the legitimacy of Michael’s demise. They have been accommodating of family’s verification of Michaelâ €™s death and the unintentionally ‘disclosed’ coroner analysis of the cause of Michael’s demise (Campbell, 1994). The media has tracked and monitored Michael for roughly forty years, but they were not knowledgeable or informed of the degree of the alleged substance addiction of Michael. This is puzzling and incredulous a media quite meticulous in giving viewers photos and updates of   Michael and his children going abroad wearing surgical masks, being manhandled in a wheelchair, and going to establishments late at night (Sartore, 2000).

Demand and Supply of Oil Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Demand and Supply of Oil - Case Study Example As with any commodity, pricing is determined by demand-supply dynamics, with the market price being set where demand levels equal supply levels (Rowling, 2014). As basic economics would have it, the price would go up if there is an excess supply of the commodity. Same is the case of oil in international markets. The United States, once the highest importer of oil, is now sitting on the largest oil reserves in the world to such a great extent that it has become an oil exporter itself. With so much excess supply and lack of demand, oil prices were bound to face an upward trajectory. Â  What is rather more interesting is that OPEC countries supply around 40% of the world’s oil output. Rather than curbing output in a bid to push up declining prices, Saudi Arabia, the largest contributor of oil within the OPEC, has pleaded to maintain its output levels at the same levels instead of decreasing them in a bid to capture market share. According to statistics, if production continues at the same levels from OPEC and other oil producing countries, then this would translate into a major stock-pile of oil in the first half of the calendar year 2015 to 2 million barrels of oil per day (Rowling, 2014). Again if one understands basic economics, this could mean a further slash in oil prices in the upcoming year. Â  According to my own opinion, there needs to be a proper interaction between real demand and real supply so that an efficient price of oil could be determined. At the current levels where oil prices are going down to new lows in recent times, there is a possibility of consumers over consuming the commodity when they don’t even need to. What needs to be understood here is that oil is a depleting commodity and it has finite reserves. One day these reserves would run out and we would be left with no alternative.

Should A Company Employ The Matrix Structure Commerce Essay

Should A Company Employ The Matrix Structure Commerce Essay The reason we choose the matrix organization is because we know this structure will be very important in the future. Matrix organization is the best-know application of project management, a project structure imposed on top of a functional structure. Matrix organizations evolved to capitalize on the advantages of project and matrix structure while minimizing their disadvantages. An important aspect of the matrix structure is each person work on the project and has two superiors which are project manager and functional manager. The project managers report to a top-level manager and this will help a lot in decision making. Example users of matrix structure include bank, insurance, companies, chemical manufactures and colleges. The matrix organization combines the best feature of the project and functional structure. It is flexible, yet it offers the advantages of task specialization. Matrix structure is known for its ability to facilitate high-quality and innovative solutions to difficult technical problems. The project structure also gives people a degree of freedom that enhances their development as managers. Also of note is the fact that the matrix organization offers ample opportunity for job rotation on many projects. So should a company employ the matrix structure in order to have better management? The answer is yes. Why? Because in this modern life the matrix structure will help company perform better. Matrix structure also will make the company organization become more systematic and more efficient. The matrix structure will make the company become more systematic. In matrix organization there have functional manager and product managers. The work will be divided and job can be done easily. This will bring benefit to the company and matrix organization will minimize the weakness of the company. Every employee in the company that uses the matrix structure has their own work that need to be done. So the job is divided and can be done easily and more systematic. (Andrew 1993) Functional managers are in charge of specialized resources such as production, quality control, inventories, scheduling and selling. They will know in doing they own job and the work can be done with the efficient outcome. Colleges often use matrix organization to setting up the programs, for example industry seminars and adult education. (Andrew 1993) Product managers in charge of one or more products so they have their own specific jobs to be done. Project managers usually will report to top level managers. The examples of users of matrix structure include banks, insurance companies and colleges. (Andrew 1993) For example, Champion products Inc, creating the separate marketing department. Furthermore, this allows managers and employees more familiar and specific with the market. (Andrew 1993) However, the matrix structure also brings risk for the main company. In the matrix management structure, when one company operated loss, it will influence others. The main company supports it by more money, the market budget will be decreases, and this will be relative to the development of new product. Finally, the sales and profit will be influenced. Although the matrix management structure is easy to design and appears to have advantages, it may be difficult to implement. Problems can arise over shared responsibility, the use of resources in common and the question of priorities. ( Hannagan 2002) In a matrix management company, most of the data and information are shared, and it is a risk of duplication. Some managers may be not satisfied about the salaries or the job opportunity, when other company provide better reward, those managers will leave and take many useful resource, such as some valuable employees and customers information. For the main company, the loss is more than what we can imaginable. Those problems I mentioned have existed in IBM and Shell Oil firms. In 1980s, the Shell Oil Company applied the matrix structure, and it has been influenced in sales because of communication problems. Matrix structure has those problems, nevertheless, it is also a positive impact, which allowing teams to share information across task boundaries and enabling managers and staff to share skills and experience so that increase whole teams productivity. Matrix structure will give or open more opportunities for job. The company which uses matrix structure will hire many workers or employees. This will give more opportunity job to people to get a job, and it also decrease unemployment rate in the particular country. Many projects mean needs more employees so this will give or offer the opportunity job to people. (Andrew 1993) For example, if the company like mustang or Taurus comes out with new project or models, they will need employees such as engineering to work with them. (Kinichi Williams 2003) People in particular country will get more knowledge about international management. Employees maybe will train in other country to learn more about the company objective. It will add the employees knowledge. For example, the US firm, Bow Chemical. In 1970 many firms moved away from using the matrix structure but Bow believes this structure will bring advantages and will give good performance among employees. ( Paul, aleny 1993) Moreover matrix structure will give local people in particular country to get training, improving their skills and also can learn the skill of different management from different country. Some problem about cost and communication appeared in matrix structure, Using matrix structure will need more cost and more discussion than action. Its uncountable that using matrix management structure need high cost in a short term period. When a company wants to expand business in other country, it must prepare capital for building new factory, and hiring employees. For those companies that they dont have enough money for high cost and cover the loss in the beginning is high risk. Another problem is that too much democracy can lead to not enough action ( IreLand 2007). In the company, the matrix management will use much time to discuss the procedures in producing and increasing sales. However, at the end of discussing, just bit actions can be achieved, and sometimes the important decision for major project is also missed. Furthermore, the employees lazy emotion is easily appearing in matrix structure companies. To some extent, matrix structure has encouraged power struggles. The managers have ordered their employees help him apply the power, and used had ways and methods, these influence other department managers, even though have a bad impact on the company. For example, Ford Company has a problem in finance. Because the high management cost and expenses, it decreased the profit directly. Some situations have been happened in IBM, COCA-COLA, and Toyota Company. Matrix structure will save management time. Every country has the branches that handle about the products in a particular country, so its totally will save the management time. In matrix structure managers have three main major roles. The work is divided between functional and product managers. So they have the own task to be done. Its will save time and also separates the power or balance the power between the managers. (Jerald Greenbery 1999) Functional and product managers have specific jobs to be done in this structure the employee also must report their task to their manager so it make fair and balance powers between the managers. Moreover by using matrix structure the main company easy to make decision. Besides that they easy to get feedback from other company under them and it will help to improve their product and services. TRW systems group, Liberty Mutual Insurance and Citibank is some of the company that adopts matrix structure. This will help the company in doing the decision making. (Jerald Greenbery 1999) On the other hand, the main company also easily to control the company under them and adjust the marketing strategy. In this structure every employee got they own duties and all work hard to raise the return for the company with doing their specific task. Furthermore they can respond to the changing very fast and finding the best environment. However in controlling, matrix structure maybe will cause stressful among managers. But if looking for the benefit that the company will get benefit in future, Matrix structure totally useful. (Jerald Greenbery 1999) Dow Chemical, it believes that matrix structure will improve their management when other companies stop using the structure, Bow still continue using it because he believe that matrix structure will give improvement and make him easily to control the employees. Matrix structure is a permanent organization designed to achieve specific results by using teams of specialists from different functional area in the organization. For example, Ford UK produces motor cars aimed specifically at the UK and European markets and adapts its marketing and sales techniques to the requirements of these markets. UK can be treated as a distinct market requiring clear focus on the approach to it. There are many advantages by using the matrix organizations such as focus on end product, stimulus creativity, provides challenges and improves communication and understanding (Mondy Premeaux 1992) On the contrast, matrix structure has creative the problems in communication, management cost, and responsibility. These will influence companys performance even though to be a threat for a companys development and increase companys competition. However, in a long term, if the company can improve their management and use matrix structure effectively, it will show that matrix structure is very necessary and important strategy for those companies which aim to be the most successful survivors in the competitive market. In USA, one third of most successful companies have used matrix structure, and it illustrates how the matrix structure can help companies close to the famous and success.

Essay --

Marxism and Christianity are two influential doctrines which have shaped our world in profound ways. While they differ on certain fronts, one cannot help but wonder that if there were some way that the two could coexist, that their synthesis could change the course of humanity inevitably. This discussion will be divided into two sections. The first one will be a brief summary and critique of Karl Marx’s rejection of religion, Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. By dissecting this piece, it is hoped that we may cast doubt on its effectiveness; in the process of rejecting religion, Marx may have excluded many potential supporters from his revolutionary cause. As well, an attempt will be made to propose that atheism should no longer be a necessary central tenet of Marxism. The second section will be concerned with providing evidence of both early and contemporary Christian teachings which mirror Marxist principles. Finally, our discussion will turn briefly to Liberation Theology to confirm that Marxist and Christian schools can, and do converge. By pursuing these ends, this analysis will show that, at a fundamental level, Christianity shares many core principles with Marxism, and as such, Marxists are misguided in their dogmati c and mechanical rejection of religion and more specifically, of Christianity. For Marxists to realise their goal of a classless society that is based upon equality and justice, they must be more inclusive and allow those who practice religion, especially Christians who share similar aims, into their revolutionary dialogue. In his criticism of Hegel’s Idealism, Marx asserts that religious devotion represents a, â€Å"reversed world consciousness† , the result of wh... ... that both Marxists and Christians are concerned with the perils of human alienation and that each doctrine’s prescription to cure its causes is similar. Finally, Liberation Theology proves that Marxist and Christian ideals can synthesise and that their intercourse has created a new and possibly revolutionary stage of human existence. Christianity and Marxism both seem to have become detached from their original aims, which were to provide a method by which humanity may achieve the best possible life; for both, this will be realised through the practice of mutual aid, equality and love. All other points of contention between them seem polemical and counter revolutionary. One 20th century Christian revolutionary wrote that, â€Å"solidarity, in spite of all divergences, is absolutely essential if a revolutionary project is to be successful.† That is indeed the case.